Journal
NATURE PROTOCOLS
Volume 6, Issue 1, Pages 97-104Publisher
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2010.138
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Funding
- Power and Energy Division of the US Army's Communications-Electronics Research, Development and Engineering Center (CERDEC)
- US Army Research Office [DAAD19-03-D-0004]
- US Department of Energy [DEFG03-02ER46006]
- facilities of UCSB's Materials Research Laboratory (through the National Science Foundation's Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers (MRSEC)) [DMR05-20414]
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We report here a robust, large-scale synthesis of BaTiO3 nanopowders using a bioinspired process that first was developed on a much smaller scale. The most advantageous points of this protocol are that it takes place at nearly room temperature (25 degrees C), overcomes many limitations encountered in other scale-up processes (such as the need for external drivers, e. g., heat, radiation or pressure), bypasses the use of surfactants and templates and does not necessitate pH adjustment. The use of a single-source, bimetallic alkoxide with the vapor diffusion of a hydrolytic catalyst (H2O) provides the necessary conditions for facile crystallization and growth of small, well-defined BaTiO3 nanoparticles at mild temperatures, yielding batches of up to 250 +/- 5 g in a green process. Extension of this method to kilogram-scale production of BaTiO3 nanocrystals in semicontinuous and continuous processes is feasible.
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