Journal
NATURE PHYSICS
Volume 14, Issue 11, Pages 1083-+Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/s41567-018-0250-5
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Funding
- Canada Foundation for Innovation
- National Science and Engineering Research Council
- CIFAR
- SBQMI
- US DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-SC0006671]
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The entropy of an electronic system offers important insights into the nature of its quantum mechanical ground state. This is particularly valuable in cases where the state is difficult to identify by conventional experimental probes, such as conductance. Traditionally, entropy measurements are based on bulk properties, such as heat capacity, that are easily observed in macroscopic samples but are unmeasurably small in systems that consist of only a few particles(1,2). Here, we develop a mesoscopic circuit to directly measure the entropy of just a few electrons, and demonstrate its efficacy using the well-understood spin statistics of the first, second and third electron ground states in a GaAs quantum dot(3-8). The precision of this technique, quantifying the entropy of a single spin-1/2 to within 5% of the expected value of k(B) ln 2, shows its potential for probing more exotic systems. For example, entangled states or those with non-Abelian statistics could be clearly distinguished by their low-temperature entropy(9-13).
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