Journal
NATURE PHYSICS
Volume 8, Issue 8, Pages 588-591Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/NPHYS2334
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Funding
- ERC Starting Grant PERCENT
- EU [255914]
- UK EPSRC
- Czech Ministry of Education [MSM6198959213]
- Spanish projects [FIS2010-14830, FIS2010-14831]
- FI of the Generalitat de Catalunya, CatalunyaCaixa
- Fundacio Privada Cellex, Barcelona
- Chist-Era DIQIP
- ICREA Funding Source: Custom
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/J007838/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- EPSRC [EP/J007838/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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Experimental observations are usually described using theoretical models that make assumptions about the dimensionality of the system under consideration. However, would it be possible to assess the dimension of a completely unknown system only from the results of measurements performed on it, without any extra assumption? The concept of a dimension witness(1-6) answers this question, as it allows bounding the dimension of an unknown system only from measurement statistics. Here, we report on the experimental demonstration of dimension witnesses in a prepare and measure scenario(6). We use photon pairs entangled in polarization and orbital angular momentum(7-9) to generate ensembles of classical and quantum states of dimensions up to 4. We then use a dimension witness to certify their dimensionality as well as their quantum nature. Our work opens newavenues in quantum information science, where dimension represents a powerful resource(10-12), especially for device-independent estimation of quantum systems(13-16) and quantum communications(17,18).
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