Journal
NATURE PHYSICS
Volume 7, Issue 3, Pages 245-251Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/NPHYS1866
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Graphene exhibits rich new physics and great promise for applications in electronics. The half-integer quantum Hall effect and high carrier mobility are critically dependent on interactions with impurities/substrates and localization of Dirac fermions in realistic devices. We microscopically study these interactions using scanning tunnelling spectroscopy (STS) of exfoliated graphene on a SiO2 substrate in an applied magnetic field. The magnetic field strongly affects the electronic behaviour of the graphene; the states condense into well-defined Landau levels with a dramatic change in the character of localization. In zero magnetic field, weakly localized states are created by the substrate induced disorder potential. In strong magnetic fields, the two-dimensional electron gas breaks into a network of interacting quantum dots formed at the potential hills and valleys of the disorder potential. Our results demonstrate how graphene properties are perturbed by the disorder potential; a finding essential for the physics and applications of graphene.
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