Journal
NATURE PHYSICS
Volume 6, Issue 12, Pages 998-1004Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/NPHYS1799
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Funding
- DFG
- SNF
- EU
- DARPA
- AFOSR
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Ultracold atomic gases in optical lattices have proven to be a controllable, tunable and clean implementation of strongly interacting quantum many-body systems. An essential prospect for such quantum simulators is their ability to map out the phase diagram of fundamental many-body model Hamiltonians. However, the results need to be validated first for representative benchmark problems through state-of-the-art numerical methods of quantum many-body theory. Here we present the first ab initio comparison between experiments and quantum Monte Carlo simulations for strongly interacting Bose gases on a lattice for large systems (up to N congruent to 3 x 10(5) particles). The comparison enables thermometry for the interacting quantum gas and to experimentally determine the finite-temperature phase diagram for bosonic superfluids in an optical lattice, revealing a suppression of the critical temperature as the transition to the Mott insulator is approached.
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