Journal
NATURE PHYSICS
Volume 4, Issue 11, Pages 873-877Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/nphys1100
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Funding
- EPSRC
- IST
- Brazilian agency Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)
- Royal Society Society Wolfson Research Merit Award
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/F043686/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- EPSRC [EP/F043686/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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Entanglement is central both to the foundations of quantum theory and, as a novel resource, to quantum information science. The theory of entanglement establishes basic laws that govern its manipulation, in particular the non-increase of entanglement under local operations on the constituent particles. Such laws aim to draw from them formal analogies to the second law of thermodynamics; however, whereas in the second law the entropy uniquely determines whether a state is adiabatically accessible from another, the manipulation of entanglement under local operations exhibits a fundamental irreversibility, which prevents the existence of such an order. Here, we show that a reversible theory of entanglement and a rigorous relationship with thermodynamics may be established when considering all non-entangling transformations. The role of the entropy in the second law is taken by the asymptotic relative entropy of entanglement in the basic law of entanglement. We show the usefulness of this approach to general resource theories and to quantum information theory.
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