Journal
NATURE PHOTONICS
Volume 8, Issue 5, Pages 385-391Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/nphoton.2014.55
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Funding
- US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Science and Engineering [DE-FG02-98ER45737]
- DOE [DE-AC02-05CH1123]
- Office of Naval Research [N000141110235]
- NSF CAREER award [DMR-0954280]
- Division Of Materials Research
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [0954280] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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In bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaics, electron-donating and electron-accepting materials form a distributed network of heterointerfaces in the photoactive layer, where critical photo-physical processes occur. However, little is known about the structural properties of these interfaces due to their complex three-dimensional arrangement and the lack of techniques to measure local order. Here, we report that molecular orientation relative to donor/acceptor heterojunctions is an important parameter in realizing high-performance fullerene-based, bulk heterojunction solar cells. Using resonant soft X-ray scattering, we characterize the degree of molecular orientation, an order parameter that describes face-on (+1) or edge-on (-1) orientations relative to these heterointerfaces. By manipulating the degree of molecular orientation through the choice of molecular chemistry and the characteristics of the processing solvent, we are able to show the importance of this structural parameter on the performance of bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic devices featuring the electron-donating polymers PNDT-DTBT, PBnDT-DTBT or PBnDT-TAZ.
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