Journal
NATURE PHOTONICS
Volume 7, Issue 4, Pages 274-278Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/NPHOTON.2013.9
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Funding
- Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale (FRM)
- Ecole des Neurosciences de Paris (ENP)
- Human Frontier Science Program [RGP0013/2010]
- Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale (FRM equipe)
- European Research Council [SINSLIM 258221]
- Crown Center of Photonics
- Adams Fellowships programme of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities
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Stochastic distortion of light beams in scattering samples makes in-depth photoexcitation in brain tissue a major challenge. A common solution for overcoming scattering involves adaptive pre-compensation of the unknown distortion(1-3). However, this requires long iterative searches for sample-specific optimized corrections, which is a problem when applied to optical neurostimulation where typical timescales in the system are in the millisecond range. Thus, photoexcitation in scattering media that is independent of the properties of a specific sample would be an ideal solution. Here, we show that temporally focused two-photon excitation(4) with generalized phase contrast(5) enables photoexcitation of arbitrary spatial patterns within turbid tissues with remarkable robustness to scattering. We demonstrate three-dimensional confinement of tailored photoexcitation patterns >200 mu m in depth, both in numerical simulations and through brain slices combined with patch-clamp recording of photoactivated channelrhodopsin-2.
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