Journal
NATURE PHOTONICS
Volume 2, Issue 9, Pages 560-563Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/nphoton.2008.154
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Funding
- Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48, DE-AC52-07NA27344]
- Advanced Light Source
- National Centre for Electron Microscopy
- Centre for X-ray Optics at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
- Stanford Linear Accelerator Centre [DE-AC02-76-SF00515]
- European Union (TUIXS)
- Swedish Research Councils
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft-Cluster
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Sven and Lilly Lawskis Foundation of Sweden
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Advances in the development of free-electron lasers offer the realistic prospect of nanoscale imaging on the timescale of atomic motions. We identify X-ray Fourier-transform holography(1,2,3) as a promising but, so far, inefficient scheme to do this. We show that a uniformly redundant array(4) placed next to the sample, multiplies the efficiency of X-ray Fourier transform holography by more than three orders of magnitude, approaching that of a perfect lens, and provides holographic images with both amplitude-and phase-contrast information. The experiments reported here demonstrate this concept by imaging a nano-fabricated object at a synchrotron source, and a bacterial cell with a soft-X-ray free-electron laser, where illumination by a single 15-fs pulse was successfully used in producing the holographic image. As X-ray lasers move to shorter wavelengths we expect to obtain higher spatial resolution ultrafast movies of transient states of matter.
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