Journal
NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY
Volume 9, Issue 9, Pages 687-692Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/NNANO.2014.149
Keywords
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Funding
- EPSRC (UK)
- Singapore National Research Foundation (Energy Innovation Program Office)
- Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship
- LMU Center of NanoScience
- Excellence Cluster Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM)
- Bavarian Network 'Solar Technologies Go Hybrid'
- EPSRC [EP/F065884/1, EP/G060738/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/F065884/1, 1209452, EP/G060738/1] Funding Source: researchfish
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Solid-state light-emitting devices based on direct-bandgap semiconductors have, over the past two decades, been utilized as energy-efficient sources of lighting. However, fabrication of these devices typically relies on expensive high-temperature and high-vacuum processes, rendering them uneconomical for use in large-area displays(1,2). Here, we report high-brightness light-emitting diodes based on solution-processed organometal halide perovskites. We demonstrate electroluminescence in the near-infrared, green and red by tuning the halide compositions in the perovskite. In our infrared device, a thin 15 nm layer of CH3NH3PbI3-xClx perovskite emitter is sandwiched between larger-bandgap titanium dioxide (TiO2) and poly(9,9'-dioctyl-fluorene) (F8) layers, effectively confining electrons and holes in the perovskite layer for radiative recombination. We report an infrared radiance of 13.2 W sr(-1) m(-2) at a current density of 363 mA cm(-2), with highest external and internal quantum efficiencies of 0.76% and 3.4%, respectively. In our green light-emitting device with an ITO/PEDOT: PSS/CH3NH3PbBr3/F8/Ca/Ag structure, we achieved a luminance of 364 cd m(-2) at a current density of 123 mA cm(-2), giving external and internal quantum efficiencies of 0.1% and 0.4%, respectively. We show, using photoluminescence studies, that radiative bimolecular recombination is dominant at higher excitation densities. Hence, the quantum efficiencies of the perovskite light-emitting diodes increase at higher current densities. This demonstration of effective perovskite electroluminescence offers scope for developing this unique class of materials into efficient and colour-tunable light emitters for low-cost display, lighting and optical communication applications.
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