Journal
NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY
Volume 8, Issue 12, Pages 923-927Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/NNANO.2013.232
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Funding
- National Science Foundation [ECS-0335765]
- Center for Engineering and Physical Science Research (CEPSR) Clean Room at Columbia University
- Qualcomm Innovation Fellowship (QInF)
- AFOSR MURI [FA9550-09-1-0705]
- Samsung-SKKU Graphene Center
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Oscillators, which produce continuous periodic signals from direct current power, are central to modern communications systems, with versatile applications including timing references and frequency modulators(1-7). However, conventional oscillators typically consist of macroscopic mechanical resonators such as quartz crystals, which require excessive off-chip space. Here, we report oscillators built on micrometre-size, atomically thin graphene nanomechanical resonators, whose frequencies can be electrostatically tuned by as much as 14%. Self-sustaining mechanical motion is generated and transduced at room temperature in these oscillators using simple electrical circuitry. The prototype graphene voltage-controlled oscillators exhibit frequency stability and a modulation bandwidth sufficient for the modulation of radiofrequency carrier signals. As a demonstration, we use a graphene oscillator as the active element for frequency-modulated signal generation and achieve efficient audio signal transmission.
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