Journal
NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY
Volume 7, Issue 5, Pages 296-299Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/NNANO.2012.34
Keywords
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Funding
- FWF [FWF-Z149-N16]
- ESF/FWF [I146]
- ESF [I146-N16]
- Swiss National Science Foundation
- NCCR
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [Z 149] Funding Source: researchfish
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [I146, W1210] Funding Source: Austrian Science Fund (FWF)
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The observation of interference patterns in double-slit experiments with massive particles is generally regarded as the ultimate demonstration of the quantum nature of these objects. Such matter-wave interference has been observed for electrons(1), neutrons(2), atoms(3,4) and molecules(5-7) and, in contrast to classical physics, quantum interference can be observed when single particles arrive at the detector one by one. The build-up of such patterns in experiments with electrons has been described as the most beautiful experiment in physics(8-11). Here, we show how a combination of nanofabrication and nano-imaging allows us to record the full two-dimensional build-up of quantum interference patterns in real time for phthalocyanine molecules and for derivatives of phthalocyanine molecules, which have masses of 514 AMU and 1,298 AMU respectively. A laser-controlled micro-evaporation source was used to produce a beam of molecules with the required intensity and coherence, and the gratings were machined in 10-nm-thick silicon nitride membranes to reduce the effect of van der Waals forces. Wide-field fluorescence microscopy detected the position of each molecule with an accuracy of 10 nm and revealed the build-up of a deterministic ensemble interference pattern from single molecules that arrived stochastically at the detector. In addition to providing this particularly clear demonstration of wave-particle duality, our approach could also be used to study larger molecules and explore the boundary between quantum and classical physics.
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