Journal
NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY
Volume 5, Issue 1, Pages 42-47Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/NNANO.2009.314
Keywords
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Funding
- Biophysical Instrumentation Facility for the Study of Complex Macromolecular Systems [NSF-0070319, NIH GM68762]
- NIH [R33-EB-000673, R01-CA-115296]
- Charles A. King Trust, Bank of America
- NIH-funded MIT-Harvard NanoMedical Consortium [1U54-CA119349]
- NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE [U54CA119349, R01CA115296] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF BIOMEDICAL IMAGING AND BIOENGINEERING [R33EB000673] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL MEDICAL SCIENCES [P50GM068762] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Inorganic/organic hybrid nanoparticles are potentially useful in biomedicine, but to avoid non-specific background fluorescence and long-term toxicity, they need to be cleared from the body within a reasonable timescale(1). Previously, we have shown that rigid spherical nanoparticles such as quantum dots can be cleared by the kidneys if they have a hydrodynamic diameter of approximately 5.5 nm and a zwitterionic surface charge(2). Here, we show that quantum dots functionalized with high-affinity small-molecule ligands that target tumours can also be cleared by the kidneys if their hydrodynamic diameter is less than this value, which sets an upper limit of 5-10 ligands per quantum dot for renal clearance. Animal models of prostate cancer and melanoma show receptor-specific imaging and renal clearance within 4 h post-injection. This study suggests a set of design rules for the clinical translation of targeted nanoparticles that can be eliminated through the kidneys.
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