Journal
NATURE MEDICINE
Volume 16, Issue 6, Pages 718-U125Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/nm.2155
Keywords
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Funding
- US National Institutes of Health [R21 AI081010, R01 EY14106, P01-AI041521, P01-AI041521-S1]
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF) [7-2005-1329]
- Medical Research Council [G0600698B] Funding Source: researchfish
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Here we present methods to longitudinally track islet allograft-infiltrating T cells in live mice by endoscopic confocal microscopy and to analyze circulating T cells by in vivo flow cytometry. We developed a new reporter mouse whose T cell subsets express distinct, 'color-coded' proteins enabling in vivo detection and identification of effector T cells (T(eff) cells) and discrimination between natural and induced regulatory T cells (nT(reg) and iT(reg) cells). Using these tools, we observed marked differences in the T cell response in recipients receiving tolerance-inducing therapy (CD154-specific monoclonal antibody plus rapamycin) compared to untreated controls. These results establish real-time cell tracking as a powerful means to probe the dynamic cellular interplay mediating immunologic rejection or transplant tolerance.
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