Journal
NATURE MEDICINE
Volume 14, Issue 6, Pages 633-640Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/nm1770
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Funding
- NHLBI NIH HHS [T32 HL007317-27, T32 HL007317-31, T32 HL007317, T32 HL007317-29, T32 HL007317-26, R01 HL073159-04, P50 HL084922, K08 HL083095-02, R01 HL073159-03, R01 HL073159-01, K08 HL083095, R01 HL073159, P50 HL084922-01, P50 HL084922-020004, R01 HL073159-02, T32 HL007317-30, P50 HL084922-010004, P50 HL084922-02, T32 HL007317-28] Funding Source: Medline
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To understand the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory disease, we analyzed an experimental mouse model of chronic lung disease with pathology that resembles asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD) in humans. In this model, chronic lung disease develops after an infection with a common type of respiratory virus is cleared to only trace levels of noninfectious virus. Chronic inflammatory disease is generally thought to depend on an altered adaptive immune response. However, here we find that this type of disease arises independently of an adaptive immune response and is driven instead by interleukin-13 produced by macrophages that have been stimulated by CD1d-dependent T cell receptor-invariant natural killer T (NKT) cells. This innate immune axis is also activated in the lungs of humans with chronic airway disease due to asthma or COPD. These findings provide new insight into the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory disease with the discovery that the transition from respiratory viral infection into chronic lung disease requires persistent activation of a previously undescribed NKT cell-macrophage innate immune axis.
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