Journal
NATURE MATERIALS
Volume 17, Issue 10, Pages 900-+Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/s41563-018-0154-x
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Funding
- Ontario Research Fund Research Excellence Program
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada
- US Department of the Navy, Office of Naval Research [N00014-17-1-2524]
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) [KUS-11-009-21]
- US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-76SF00515]
- NSF GRFP [DGE-1147470]
- NSF
- NIH/NIGMS via NSF award [DMR-1332208]
- Canada Foundation for Innovation
- NSERC
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Government of Saskatchewan
- Western Economic Diversification Canada
- University of Saskatchewan
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Reduced-dimensional metal halide perovskites (RDPs) have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their promising light harvesting and emissive properties. We sought to increase the systematic understanding of how RDPs are formed. Here we report that layered intermediate complexes formed with the solvent provide a scaffold that facilitates the nucleation and growth of RDPs during annealing, as observed via in situ X-ray scattering. Transient absorption spectroscopy of RDP single crystals and films enables the identification of the distribution of quantum well thicknesses. These insights allow us to develop a kinetic model of RDP formation that accounts for the experimentally observed size distribution of wells. RDPs exhibit a thickness distribution (with sizes that extend above n = 5) determined largely by the stoichiometric proportion between the intercalating cation and solvent complexes. The results indicate a means to control the distribution, composition and orientation of RDPs via the selection of the intercalating cation, the solvent and the deposition technique.
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