Journal
NATURE MATERIALS
Volume 12, Issue 4, Pages 321-325Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/NMAT3542
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Funding
- NSF's Research Triangle MRSEC [DMR-1121107]
- NSF [CMMI-1200515]
- NIH [UH2 TR000505]
- Pratt School of Engineering Seed Grant
- AFOSR [FA9550-11-1-0199]
- NSF-MRSEC [DMR-0819762]
- MIT-Italy Program (MITOR)
- European Research Council under the European Union [279985]
- Directorate For Engineering
- Div Of Civil, Mechanical, & Manufact Inn [1200515] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Directorate For Engineering
- Div Of Civil, Mechanical, & Manufact Inn [1463732] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Crumpled graphene films are widely used, for instance in electronics(1), energy storage(2,3), composites(4,5) and biomedicine(6). Although it is known that the degree of crumpling affects graphene's properties and the performance of graphene-based devices and materials(3'5'7), the controlled folding and unfolding of crumpled graphene films has not been demonstrated. Here we report an approach to reversibly control the crumpling and unfolding of large-area graphene sheets. We show with experiments, atomistic simulations and theory that, by harnessing the mechanical instabilities of graphene adhered on a biaxially pre-stretched polymer substrate and by controlling the relaxation of the pre-strains in a particular order, graphene films can be crumpled into tailored self-organized hierarchical structures that mimic superhydrophobic leaves. The approach enables us to fabricate large-area conductive coatings and electrodes showing superhydrophobicity, high transparency, and tunable wettability and transmittance. We also demonstrate that crumpled graphene-polymer laminates can be used as artificial-muscle actuators.
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