Journal
NATURE MATERIALS
Volume 10, Issue 12, Pages 968-973Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/NMAT3149
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Funding
- Singapore Ministry of Education [MOE2010T2-1-083]
- Singapore-MIT Alliance
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research [IMRE/11-1C0110]
- KAUST
- NSFC [10974200, 51002151]
- MOST [2009AA03Z430, 2011AA03A407]
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Photon upconversion is promising for applications such as biological imaging, data storage or solar cells. Here, we have investigated upconversion processes in a broad range of gadolinium-based nanoparticles of varying composition. We show that by rational design of a core-shell structure with a set of lanthanide ions incorporated into separated layers at precisely defined concentrations, efficient upconversion emission can be realized through gadolinium sublattice-mediated energy migration for a wide range of lanthanide activators without long-lived intermediary energy states. Furthermore, the use of the core-shell structure allows the elimination of deleterious cross-relaxation. This effect enables fine-tuning of upconversion emission through trapping of the migrating energy by the activators. Indeed, the findings described here suggest a general approach to constructing a new class of luminescent materials with tunable upconversion emissions by controlled manipulation of energy transfer within a nanoscopic region.
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