Journal
NATURE MATERIALS
Volume 8, Issue 1, Pages 47-51Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/NMAT2335
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- US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]
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Although actuation in biological systems is exclusively powered by chemical energy, this concept has not been realized in man-made actuator technologies, as these rely on generating heat or electricity first(1). Here, we demonstrate that surface-chemistry-driven actuation can be realized in high-surface-area materials such as nanoporous gold. For example, we achieve reversible strain amplitudes of the order of a few tenths of a per cent by alternating exposure of nanoporous Au to ozone and carbon monoxide. The effect can be explained by adsorbate-induced changes of the surface stress(2), and can be used to convert chemical energy directly into a mechanical response, thus opening the door to surface-chemistry-driven actuator and sensor technologies.
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