Journal
NATURE IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 12, Issue 7, Pages 631-U186Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/ni.2045
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Funding
- US National Institutes of Health [R01 AI068085, R01 HL62348, R01 051354]
- MRC [MC_U105178805] Funding Source: UKRI
- Medical Research Council [MC_U105178805] Funding Source: researchfish
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Patients with asthma, a major public health problem, are at high risk for serious disease from influenza virus infection, but the pathogenic mechanisms by which influenza A causes airway disease and asthma are not fully known. We show here in a mouse model that influenza infection acutely induced airway hyper-reactivity (AHR), a cardinal feature of asthma, independently of T helper type 2 (TH2) cells and adaptive immunity. Instead, influenza infection induced AHR through a previously unknown pathway that required the interleukin 13 (IL-13)-IL-33 axis and cells of the non-T cell, non-B cell innate lymphoid type called 'natural helper cells'. Infection with influenza A virus, which activates the NLRP3 inflammasome, resulted in much more production of IL-33 by alveolar macrophages, which in turn activated natural helper cells producing substantial IL-13.
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