Journal
NATURE GENETICS
Volume 46, Issue 6, Pages 618-623Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/ng.2949
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Funding
- Conquer Cancer Foundation
- Lauri Strauss Leukemia Foundation
- Leukemia and Lymphoma Society
- Alex Lemonade Stand Foundation
- US Department of Defense
- Israel Science Foundation
- US Israel Binational Foundation
- Stellato Fund
- US National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute [CA15198-01, CA172387-A01]
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Down syndrome confers a 20-fold increased risk of B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL)1, and polysomy 21 is most frequent somatic aneuploidy among all B-ALLs(2). Yet the mechanistic links between chromosome 21 triplication and B-ALL remain undefined. Here we show that germline triplication of only 31 genes orthologous to human chromosome 21q22 confers mouse progenitor B cell self renewal in vitro, maturation defects in vivo and B-ALL with either the BCR-ABL fusion protein or CRLF2 with activated JAK2. Chromosome 21q22 triplication suppresses histone H3 Lys27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) in progenitor B cells and B-ALLs, and 'bivalent' genes with both H3K27me3 and H3K4me3 at their promoters in wild-type progenitor B cells are preferentially overexpressed in triplicated cells. Human B-ALLs with polysomy 21 are distinguished by their overexpression of genes marked with H3K27me3 in multiple cell types. Overexpression of HMGN1, a nucleosome remodeling protein encoded on chromosome 21q22 (refs. 3-5), suppresses H3K27me3 and promotes both B cell proliferation in vitro and B-ALL in vivo.
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