Journal
NATURE GENETICS
Volume 44, Issue 9, Pages 1056-+Publisher
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/ng.2369
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Funding
- Wellcome Trust [0689]
- Victorian Life Sciences Computation Initiative (VLSCI) [VR0082]
- National Health & Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia [628930]
- Oak Foundation Fellowship through Oxford University [OAKF9]
- Li Ka Shing foundation [LG13]
- Institut de Veille Sanitaire
- UK Medical Research Council (MRC) [G0800173]
- Korean Ministry of Knowledge and Economy (MKE) [RTI05-01-01]
- Medical Research Council [G0800173] Funding Source: researchfish
- MRC [G0800173] Funding Source: UKRI
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Shigella are human-adapted Escherichia coli that have gained the ability to invade the human gut mucosa and cause dysentery(1,2), spreading efficiently via low-dose fecal-oral transmission(3,4). Historically, S. sonnei has been predominantly responsible for dysentery in developed countries but is now emerging as a problem in the developing world, seeming to replace the more diverse Shigella flexneri in areas undergoing economic development and improvements in water quality(4-6). Classical approaches have shown that S. sonnei is genetically conserved and clonal(7). We report here whole-genome sequencing of 132 globally distributed isolates. Our phylogenetic analysis shows that the current S. sonnei population descends from a common ancestor that existed less than 500 years ago and that diversified into several distinct lineages with unique characteristics. Our analysis suggests that the majority of this diversification occurred in Europe and was followed by more recent establishment of local pathogen populations on other continents, predominantly due to the pandemic spread of a single, rapidly evolving, multidrug-resistant lineage.
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