Dynamic ligand binding dictates partial agonism at a G protein-coupled receptor

We present a new concept of partial agonism at G protein-coupled receptors. We demonstrate the coexistence of two functionally distinct populations of the muscarinic M-2 receptor stabilized by one dynamic ligand, which binds in two opposite orientations. The ratio of orientations determines the cellular response. Our concept allows predicting and virtually titrating ligand efficacy, which opens unprecedented opportunities for the design of drugs with graded activation of the biological system.