Journal
NATURE CELL BIOLOGY
Volume 13, Issue 7, Pages 819-U204Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/ncb2271
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Funding
- Spanish Ministry of Education [BFU2008-01728]
- EU [LSHC CT-2006-037731]
- Red Tematica de Investigacion Cooperativa en Cancer (RTICC) [RD06/0020/0105]
- Spanish Ministry of Health
- Cancer Research UK
- Cancer Research UK [12065] Funding Source: researchfish
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Individual tumour cells move in three-dimensional environments with either a rounded or an elongated 'mesenchymal' morphology. These two modes of movement are tightly regulated by Rho family GTPases: elongated movement requires activation of Rac1, where as rounded/amoeboid movement engages specific Cdc42 and Rho signalling pathways. In siRNA screens targeting the genes encoding guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), we found that the Ras GEF RasGRF2 regulates conversion between elongated- and rounded-type movement. RasGRF2 suppresses rounded movement by inhibiting the activation of Cdc42 independently of its capacity to activate Ras. RasGRF2 and RasGRF1 directly bind to Cdc42, out competing Cdc42 GEFs,thereby preventing Cdc42 activation. By this mechanism, RasGRFs regulate other Cdc42-mediated cellular processes such as the formation of actin spikes, transformation and invasion in vitro and in vivo. These results demonstrate a role for RasGRF GEFs as negative regulators of Cdc42 activation.
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