Journal
NATURE CELL BIOLOGY
Volume 11, Issue 3, Pages 228-234Publisher
NATURE RESEARCH
DOI: 10.1038/ncb0309-228
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Funding
- Helmholtz Society [VH-NG-504]
- German Cancer Research Center DKFZ
- Institute of Pathology
- University of Heidelberg
- Marie Curie Programme of the European Commission
- Children's Hospital, Boston
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute
- March of Dimes Basil O'Conner award
- Charles H. Hood Foundation
- Emerald Foundation
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MicroRNAs are important regulators of gene expression that control both physiological and pathological processes such as development and cancer. Although their mode of action has attracted great attention, the principles governing their expression and activity are only beginning to emerge. Recent studies have introduced a paradigm shift in our understanding of the microRNA biogenesis pathway, which was previously believed to be universal to all microRNAs. Maturation steps specific to individual microRNAs have been uncovered, and these offer a plethora of regulatory options after transcription with multiple proteins affecting microRNA processing efficiency. Here we review the recent advances in knowledge of the microRNA biosynthesis pathways and discuss their impact on post-transcriptional microRNA regulation during tumour development.
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