Journal
NATURE
Volume 513, Issue 7517, Pages 195-+Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/nature13679
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Funding
- National Human Genome Research Institute(NHGRI) [U54 HG003273, U54 HG003079]
- National Institutes of Health NIH/NIAAA [P30 M019355]
- National Institutes of Health NIH/NCRR [P51 RR000163, R01_HG005226]
- NIH [P30CA006973]
- National Library of Medicine Biomedical Informatics Research Training Program [R01 GM59290, U41 HG007497-01, R01 MH081203, HG002385]
- National Science Foundation (NSF) [CNS-1126739, DBI-0845494]
- PRIN
- Futuro in ricerca [RBFR103CE3]
- ERC Starting Grant [260372]
- MICINN (Spain) [BFU2011-28549]
- Ministry of National Education
- CNCS-UEFISCDI [PN-II-ID-PCE-2012-4-0090]
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SCHU1014/8-1]
- ERC
- EMBO Young Investigator Award
- ERC Starting Grant
- Commonwealth Scholarship Commission
- Wellcome Trust [WT095908, WT098051]
- Division Of Computer and Network Systems
- Direct For Computer & Info Scie & Enginr [1126739] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- BBSRC [BBS/E/T/000PR6193] Funding Source: UKRI
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BBS/E/T/000PR6193] Funding Source: researchfish
- Cancer Research UK [15603] Funding Source: researchfish
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Gibbons are small arboreal apes that display an accelerated rate of evolutionary chromosomal rearrangement and occupy a key node in the primate phylogeny between Old World monkeys and great apes. Here we present the assembly and analysis of a northern white-checked gibbon (Nomascus leucogenys) genome. We describe the propensity for a gibbon-specific retrotransposon (LAVA) to insert into chromosome segregation genes and alter transcription by providing a premature termination site, suggesting a possible molecular mechanism for the genome plasticity of the gibbon lineage. We further show that the gibbon genera (Nomascus, Hylobates, Hoolock and Symphalangus) experienced a near-instantaneous radiation similar to 5 million years ago, coincident with major geographical changes in southeast Asia that caused cycles of habitat compression and expansion. Finally, we identify signatures of positive selection in genes important for forelimb development (TBX5) and connective tissues (COLIA1) that may have been involved in the adaptation of gibbons to their arboreal habitat.
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