Journal
NATURE
Volume 509, Issue 7501, Pages 453-+Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/nature13258
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Funding
- Novartis Research Foundation
- National Center of Competences in Research: 'SYNAPSY-The Synaptic Bases of Mental Diseases' - (Swiss National Science Foundation)
- SNSF core grant
- Schering Foundation Fellowship
- Swiss National Science Foundation Ambizione Fellowship
- EMBO Long-Term Fellowships
- Marie Curie Action Fellowships
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Learning is mediated by experience-dependent plasticity in neuronal circuits. Activity in neuronal circuits is tightly regulated by different subtypes of inhibitory interneurons, yet their role in learning is poorly understood. Using a combination of in vivo single-unit recordings and optogenetic manipulations, we show that in the mouse basolateral amygdala, interneurons expressing parvalbumin (PV) and somatostatin (SOM) bidirectionally control the acquisition of fear conditioning-a simple form of associative learning-through two distinct disinhibitory mechanisms. During an auditory cue, PV+ interneurons are excited and indirectly disinhibit the dendrites of basolateral amygdala principal neurons via SOM+ interneurons, thereby enhancing auditory responses and promoting cue-shock associations. During an aversive footshock, however, both PV+ and SOM+ interneurons are inhibited, which boosts postsynaptic footshock responses and gates learning. These results demonstrate that associative learning is dynamically regulated by the stimulus-specific activation of distinct disinhibitory microcircuits through precise interactions between different subtypes of local interneurons.
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