Journal
NATURE
Volume 509, Issue 7499, Pages 177-+Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/nature13316
Keywords
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Categories
Funding
- DFG Research Centre SFB-881
- European Research Council [ERC-StG EXAGAL-308037]
- HST [HST-AR-12856.01-A]
- NASA from the Space Telescope Science Institute [12856, NAS 5-26555]
- NASA [NNX12AC67G]
- NSF [AST-1312095, AST-0907969]
- Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
- GCS [pr85je]
- NASA Office of Space Science [NNX13AC07G]
- [9,352]
- [9,425]
- [9,488]
- [9,575]
- [9,793]
- [9,978]
- [10,086]
- [10,189]
- [10,258]
- [10,340]
- [10,530]
- [11,359]
- [11,563]
- [12,060]
- [12,061]
- [12,062]
- [12,099]
- [12,177]
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien
- Division Of Astronomical Sciences [0907969] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien
- Division Of Astronomical Sciences [1312095] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/L000725/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- STFC [ST/L000725/1] Funding Source: UKRI
Ask authors/readers for more resources
Previous simulations of the growth of cosmic structures have broadly reproduced the 'cosmic web' of galaxies that we see in the Universe, but failed to create a mixed population of elliptical and spiral galaxies, because of numerical inaccuracies and incomplete physical models. Moreover, they were unable to track the small-scale evolution of gas and stars to the present epoch within a representative portion of the Universe. Here we report a simulation that starts 12 million years after the Big Bang, and traces 13 billion years of cosmic evolution with 12 billion resolution elements in a cube of 106.5 megaparsecs a side. It yields a reasonable population of ellipticals and spirals, reproduces the observed distribution of galaxies in clusters and characteristics of hydrogen on large scales, and at the same time matches the 'metal' and hydrogen content of galaxies on small scales.
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