Journal
NATURE
Volume 500, Issue 7460, Pages 54-U71Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/nature12373
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Funding
- NSF
- Center for Ultracold Atoms
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (QUASAR programme)
- Army Research Office (MURI programme)
- Packard Foundation
- NIH [5DP1OD003893-03]
- NHGRI [1P50HG006193-01]
- Swiss National Science Foundation [PBSKP2_143918]
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [PBSKP2_143918] Funding Source: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF)
- Division Of Physics
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [969816] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Physics
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1125846] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Sensitive probing of temperature variations on nanometre scales is an outstanding challenge in many areas of modern science and technology(1). In particular, a thermometer capable of subdegree temperature resolution over a large range of temperatures as well as integration within a living system could provide a powerful new tool in many areas of biological, physical and chemical research. Possibilities range from the temperature-induced control of gene expression(2-5) and tumour metabolism(6) to the cell-selective treatment of disease(7,8) and the study of heat dissipation in integrated circuits(1). By combining local light-induced heat sources with sensitive nanoscale thermometry, it may also be possible to engineer biological processes at the subcellular level(2-5). Here we demonstrate a new approach to nanoscale thermometry that uses coherent manipulation of the electronic spin associated with nitrogen-vacancy colour centres in diamond. Our technique makes it possible to detect temperature variations as small as 1.8 mK (a sensitivity of 9 mK Hz(-1/2)) in an ultrapure bulk diamond sample. Using nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond nanocrystals (nanodiamonds), we directly measure the local thermal environment on length scales as short as 200 nanometres. Finally, by introducing both nanodiamonds and gold nanoparticles into a single human embryonic fibroblast, we demonstrate temperature-gradient control and mapping at the subcellular level, enabling unique potential applications in life sciences.
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