Journal
NATURE
Volume 487, Issue 7408, Pages 482-U1650Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/nature11286
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health [AI084553, AI095052, AI096113, RR024383, AI50410]
- Merck Co
- James B. Pendleton Charitable Trust
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Despite antiretroviral therapy, proviral latency of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) remains a principal obstacle to curing the infection(1). Inducing the expression of latent genomes within resting CD4(+) T cells is the primary strategy to clear this reservoir(2,3). Although histone deacetylase inhibitors such as suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (also known as vorinostat, VOR) can disrupt HIV-1 latency in vitro(4-6), the utility of this approach has never been directly proven in a translational clinical study of HIV-infected patients. Here we isolated the circulating resting CD4(+) T cells of patients in whom viraemia was fully suppressed by antiretroviral therapy, and directly studied the effect of VOR on this latent reservoir. In each of eight patients, a single dose of VOR increased both biomarkers of cellular acetylation, and simultaneously induced an increase in HIV RNA expression in resting CD4(+) cells (mean increase, 4.8-fold). This demonstrates that a molecular mechanism known to enforce HIV latency can be therapeutically targeted in humans, provides proof-of-concept for histone deacetylase inhibitors as a therapeutic class, and defines a precise approach to test novel strategies to attack and eradicate latent HIV infection directly.
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