Journal
NATURE
Volume 491, Issue 7426, Pages 711-+Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/nature11543
Keywords
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Categories
Funding
- German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [0314000]
- Leibniz Association
- European project of the 7th framework programme TriticeaeGenome
- Austrian Wissenschaftsfond (FWF) [SFB F3705]
- ERA-NET PG project BARCODE
- Scottish Government/BBSRC [BB/100663X/1]
- National Science Foundation [DBI 0321756, DBI-1062301]
- USDA-CSREES-NRI [2006-55606-16722]
- Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Plant Genome, Genetics and Breeding Program of USDA-CSREES-NIFA [2009-65300-05645]
- BRAIN and NBRP-Japan
- Japanese MAFF [TRG1008]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [23380007] Funding Source: KAKEN
- Direct For Biological Sciences [1062301] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Integrative Organismal Systems
- Direct For Biological Sciences [0922746] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Div Of Biological Infrastructure [1062301] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BBS/E/T/000PR6193, BB/I00663X/1, BB/I008357/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- BBSRC [BB/I008357/1, BBS/E/T/000PR6193, BB/I00663X/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- NIFA [2009-65300-05645, 688696] Funding Source: Federal RePORTER
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Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is among the world's earliest domesticated and most important crop plants. It is diploid with a large haploid genome of 5.1 gigabases (Gb). Here we present an integrated and ordered physical, genetic and functional sequence resource that describes the barley gene-space in a structured whole-genome context. We developed a physical map of 4.98 Gb, with more than 3.90 Gb anchored to a high-resolution genetic map. Projecting a deep whole-genome shotgun assembly, complementary DNA and deep RNA sequence data onto this framework supports 79,379 transcript clusters, including 26,159 'high-confidence' genes with homology support from other plant genomes. Abundant alternative splicing, premature termination codons and novel transcriptionally active regions suggest that post-transcriptional processing forms an important regulatory layer. Survey sequences from diverse accessions reveal a landscape of extensive single-nucleotide variation. Our data provide a platform for both genome-assisted research and enabling contemporary crop improvement.
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