Journal
NATURE
Volume 490, Issue 7418, Pages 49-54Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/nature11413
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Funding
- National High-Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 program) [2010AA10A110]
- National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2010CB126401, 2010CB126402]
- 863 program [2012AA10A405]
- Basic Research Program by Shenzhen City [JC2010526019]
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Transomics Biotechnologies [CXB201108250096A]
- Mollusc Research and Development Center
- CARS
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Bank for National Life Science
- Taishan Scholar and Scholar Climbing Programs of Shandong
- US Department of Agriculture [2009-35205-05052, NJ32108]
- Chinese Academy of Science Marine Functional Genomics Oversea Team
- Taishan Scholar Fund
- European Research Council (EU FP7 ERC) [[268513]11]
- Beatriu de Pinos of the Generalitat de Catalunya [2009 BP-DGR]
- Dalian Zhangzidao Fishery Group Co. Ltd
- NIFA [582554, 2009-35205-05052] Funding Source: Federal RePORTER
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The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas belongs to one of the most species-rich but genomically poorly explored phyla, the Mollusca. Here we report the sequencing and assembly of the oyster genome using short reads and a fosmid-pooling strategy, along with transcriptomes of development and stress response and the proteome of the shell. The oyster genome is highly polymorphic and rich in repetitive sequences, with some transposable elements still actively shaping variation. Transcriptome studies reveal an extensive set of genes responding to environmental stress. The expansion of genes coding for heat shock protein 70 and inhibitors of apoptosis is probably central to the oyster's adaptation to sessile life in the highly stressful intertidal zone. Our analyses also show that shell formation in molluscs is more complex than currently understood and involves extensive participation of cells and their exosomes. The oyster genome sequence fills a void in our understanding of the Lophotrochozoa.
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