Journal
NATURE
Volume 489, Issue 7416, Pages 379-384Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/nature11406
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Funding
- FAPESP
- CNPq
- NSF [DMR 0654118, DMR-1006985]
- State of Florida
- DOE [20100043DR, DE-FG03-01ER45908, DE-FG02-05ER46240]
- UEFISCDI [RP-10]
- INCITE of the Office of Science, DOE [MAT013]
- Robert A. Welch Foundation [C-1411]
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The low-temperature states of bosonic fluids exhibit fundamental quantum effects at the macroscopic scale: the best-known examples are Bose-Einstein condensation and superfluidity, which have been tested experimentally in a variety of different systems. When bosons interact, disorder can destroy condensation, leading to a 'Bose glass'. This phase has been very elusive in experiments owing to the absence of any broken symmetry and to the simultaneous absence of a finite energy gap in the spectrum. Here we report the observation of a Bose glass of field-induced magnetic quasiparticles in a doped quantum magnet (bromine-doped dichloro-tetrakis-thiourea-nickel, DTN). The physics of DTN in a magnetic field is equivalent to that of a lattice gas of bosons in the grand canonical ensemble; bromine doping introduces disorder into the hopping and interaction strength of the bosons, leading to their localization into a Bose glass down to zero field, where it becomes an incompressible Mott glass. The transition from the Bose glass (corresponding to a gapless spin liquid) to the Bose-Einstein condensate (corresponding to a magnetically ordered phase) is marked by a universal exponent that governs the scaling of the critical temperature with the applied field, in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. Our study represents a quantitative experimental account of the universal features of disordered bosons in the grand canonical ensemble.
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