Journal
NATURE
Volume 480, Issue 7378, Pages 520-524Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/nature10625
Keywords
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Categories
Funding
- Noble Foundation
- NSF-PGRP [0321460, 0604966, 0820005, 0821966]
- EU [FOOD-CT-2004-506223]
- BBSRC [BBS/B/11524]
- ANR [SEQMEDIC 2006-01122]
- Dutch Science Organization [VIDI 864.06.007, ERA-PG FP-06.038A]
- Belgian Federal Science Policy Office IUAP [P6/25]
- Fund for Scientific Research Flanders
- Institute for the Promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders
- Ghent University [MRP N2N]
- NSF [IOS-0531408, IOS-0605251]
- USDA CSREES [2006-03567]
- 'Laboratoire d'Excellence' (LABEX) TULIP [ANR-10-LABX-41]
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BBS/B/11524, BB/I025441/1, BBS/E/J/00000603, BB/G023832/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- BBSRC [BB/I025441/1, BB/G023832/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Division Of Integrative Organismal Systems [0604966, 0821966] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Division Of Integrative Organismal Systems [0321460, 0820005] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien
- Division Of Materials Research [832760] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Div Of Biological Infrastructure
- Direct For Biological Sciences [0960897] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Legumes (Fabaceae or Leguminosae) are unique among cultivated plants for their ability to carry out endosymbiotic nitrogen fixation with rhizobial bacteria, a process that takes place in a specialized structure known as the nodule. Legumes belong to one of the two main groups of eurosids, the Fabidae, which includes most species capable of endosymbiotic nitrogen fixation(1). Legumes comprise several evolutionary lineages derived from a common ancestor 60 million years ago (Myr ago). Papilionoids are the largest clade, dating nearly to the origin of legumes and containing most cultivated species(2). Medicago truncatula is a long-established model for the study of legume biology. Here we describe the draft sequence of the M. truncatula euchromatin based on a recently completed BAC assembly supplemented with Illumina shotgun sequence, together capturing similar to 94% of all M. truncatula genes. A whole-genome duplication (WGD) approximately 58 Myr ago had a major role in shaping the M. truncatula genome and thereby contributed to the evolution of endosymbiotic nitrogen fixation. Subsequent to the WGD, the M. truncatula genome experienced higher levels of rearrangement than two other sequenced legumes, Glycine max and Lotus japonicus. M. truncatula is a close relative of alfalfa (Medicago sativa), a widely cultivated crop with limited genomics tools and complex autotetraploid genetics. As such, the M. truncatula genome sequence provides significant opportunities to expand alfalfa's genomic toolbox.
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