Journal
NATURE
Volume 463, Issue 7282, Pages 757-762Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/nature08835
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Funding
- Danish National Research Foundation
- Lundbeck Foundation
- Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation
- Villum Kann Rasmussen Fonden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation
- Estonian Science Foundation [7858]
- EC DGR [205419]
- EU RDF through Centre of Excellence in Genomics
- Shenzhen Municipal Government
- Yantian District local government of Shenzhen
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [30725008]
- Danish Natural Science Research Council
- Solexa project [272-07-0196]
- Danish Strategic Research Council [2106-07-0021]
- Australian Research Council
- Danish Council for Independent Research Medical Sciences
- National Science Foundation
- NSF [OPP-990590, OPP-0327676]
- NERC [NRCF010002] Funding Source: UKRI
- Lundbeck Foundation [R13-2007-1172, R24-2008-2527, R70-2010-6286] Funding Source: researchfish
- Natural Environment Research Council [NRCF010002] Funding Source: researchfish
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We report here the genome sequence of an ancient human. Obtained from similar to 4,000-year-old permafrost-preserved hair, the genome represents a male individual from the first known culture to settle in Greenland. Sequenced to an average depth of 20X, we recover 79% of the diploid genome, an amount close to the practical limit of current sequencing technologies. We identify 353,151 high-confidence single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), of which 6.8% have not been reported previously. We estimate raw read contamination to be no higher than 0.8%. We use functional SNP assessment to assign possible phenotypic characteristics of the individual that belonged to a culture whose location has yielded only trace human remains. We compare the high-confidence SNPs to those of contemporary populations to find the populations most closely related to the individual. This provides evidence for a migration from Siberia into the New World some 5,500 years ago, independent of that giving rise to the modern Native Americans and Inuit.
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