Journal
NATURE
Volume 463, Issue 7284, Pages 1048-U65Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/nature08787
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Funding
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SFB/TR 13, A1, D1]
- EUFP6 PRISM
- ETH Zurich
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health [N01-HV-28179]
- SystemsX.ch
- Swiss initiative for systems biology
- Boehringer Ingelheim Fonds
- Swiss National Science Foundation
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- University of California, San Francisco Strategic Asthma Basic Research Center
- National Science Foundation
- Fannie and John Hertz Foundation
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Despite the essential roles of sphingolipids both as structural components of membranes and critical signalling molecules, we have a limited understanding of how cells sense and regulate their levels. Here we reveal the function in sphingolipid metabolism of the ORM genes (known as ORMDL genes in humans)-a conserved gene family that includes ORMDL3, which has recently been identified as a potential risk factor for childhood asthma. Starting from an unbiased functional genomic approach in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we identify Orm proteins as negative regulators of sphingolipid synthesis that form a conserved complex with serine palmitoyltransferase, the first and rate-limiting enzyme in sphingolipid production. We also define a regulatory pathway in which phosphorylation of Orm proteins relieves their inhibitory activity when sphingolipid production is disrupted. Changes in ORM gene expression or mutations to their phosphorylation sites cause dysregulation of sphingolipid metabolism. Our work identifies the Orm proteins as critical mediators of sphingolipid homeostasis and raises the possibility that sphingolipid misregulation contributes to the development of childhood asthma.
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