Journal
NATURE
Volume 465, Issue 7295, Pages 197-201Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/nature09036
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Funding
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- European Union, EuroQUAM
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
- US Air Force Office of Scientific Research, MATCOR
- Gutenberg Akademie
- EPSRC [EP/E036473/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/E036473/1] Funding Source: researchfish
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Interactions lie at the heart of correlated many-body quantum phases(1-3). Typically, the interactions between microscopic particles are described as two-body interactions. However, it has been shown that higher-order multi-body interactions could give rise to novel quantum phases with intriguing properties. So far, multi-body interactions have been observed as inelastic loss resonances in three-and four-body recombinations of atom-atom and atom-molecule collisions(4-6). Here we demonstrate the presence of effective multi-body interactions(7) in a system of ultracold bosonic atoms in a three-dimensional optical lattice, emerging through virtual transitions of particles from the lowest energy band to higher energy bands. We observe such interactions up to the six-body case in time-resolved traces of quantum phase revivals(8-11), using an atom interferometric technique that allows us to precisely measure the absolute energies of atom number states at a lattice site. In addition, we show that the spectral content of these time traces can reveal the atom number statistics at a lattice site, similar to foundational experiments in cavity quantum electrodynamics that yield the statistics of a cavity photon field(12). Our precision measurement of multi-body interaction energies provides crucial input for the comparison of optical-lattice quantum simulators with many-body quantum theory.
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