Journal
NANOTOXICOLOGY
Volume 9, Issue 4, Pages 523-542Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2014.948091
Keywords
Alimentary canal; bioaccessibility; bioavailability; nanotechnology
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Funding
- Unilever
- Pew Charitable Trusts
- US Food and Drug Administration
- Health Canada
- ILSI North America
- Coca-Cola Company
- Illinois Institute of Technology's Institute for Food Safety and Health
- ILSI Research Foundation
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Engineered metal/mineral, lipid and biochemical macromolecule nanomaterials (NMs) have potential applications in food. Methodologies for the assessment of NM digestion and bioavailability in the gastrointestinal tract are nascent and require refinement. A working group was tasked by the International Life Sciences Institute NanoRelease Food Additive project to review existing models of the gastrointestinal tract in health and disease, and the utility of these models for the assessment of the uptake of NMs intended for food. Gastrointestinal digestion and absorption could be addressed in a tiered approach using in silico computational models, in vitro non-cellular fluid systems and in vitro cell culture models, after which the necessity of ex vivo organ culture and in vivo animal studies can be considered. Examples of NM quantification in gastrointestinal tract fluids and tissues are emerging; however, few standardized analytical techniques are available. Coupling of these techniques to gastrointestinal models, along with further standardization, will further strengthen methodologies for risk assessment.
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