Journal
NANOTOXICOLOGY
Volume 4, Issue 4, Pages 347-363Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2010.509519
Keywords
Genotoxicity; reference materials in nanotoxicology; carbon nanotubes; silica nanoparticles surface reactivity
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Funding
- Regione Piemonte
- Compagnia di San Paolo, Torino
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Nanotoxicology studies require investigations of several physico-chemical aspects of the particle/body fluid interaction, here described by reviewing recent literature in the light of new experimental data. Current characterization mostly covers morphology and metric-related characteristics (form, chemical composition, specific surface area, primary particle size and size distribution), and is mandatory in any experimental study. To unveil toxicity mechanisms, several other physico-chemical properties relevant to (geno) toxicity need to be assessed, typically the release or quenching of radical/ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species), the presence of active metal ions, evidence of structural defects. Major tasks for physical chemists working on nanoparticles-induced genotoxicity are described with some examples: (i), Tailored preparation of the same material in different sizes; (ii) particle modification changing a single property at a time; and (iii) identification of appropriate reference materials. Phenomena occurring during the contact between nanoparticles and cellular media or biological fluids (dispersion, agglomeration/aggregation, protein adsorption) are discussed in relation to the surface properties of the nanoparticles considered.
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