Effects of Gas Composition on Highly Efficient Surface Modification of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Cation Treatment

High incident energy hydrogen and/or oxygen cations are generated by electron cyclotron resonance system, and then used to highly efficiently modify multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The effects of various H-2/O-2 gas compositions on the modification process are studied. A systematic characterization method utilizing a combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is used to evaluate the effects of various H-2/O-2 gas compositions on MWCNT functionalization. The Raman results show that the I (D)/I (G) ratio is directly affected by H-2 concentration in gas mixture, and the treatment applying a H-2/O-2 gas mixture with ratio of 40/10 (sccm/sccm) can yield the nanotubes with the highest I (D)/I (G) ratio (1.27). The XPS results suggest that the gas mixture with ratio of 25/25 (sccm/sccm) is most effective in introducing oxygen-containing functional groups and reducing amorphous carbon. The TGA suggests that the structural change of the treated nanotubes is marginal by this method with any gas condition.