Journal
NANOSCALE
Volume 6, Issue 22, Pages 13457-13462Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c4nr03982c
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Funding
- Singapore National Research Foundation (NRF) through the Singapore-Berkeley Research Initiative for Sustainable Energy (SinBeRISE) CREATE Programme
- Ministry of Education [M0E2014-T2-1-132]
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Unique nanorods/nanoparticles/nanoflakes (NRs/NPs/NFs) WO3 triple-layers are grown on a metallic W foil by a simple one-step anodization method. The triple-layered structure is formed through a self-organization process, the film thickness (up to 3 mu m) being controlled by the anodization time. A first layer made of an array of WO3 densely-packed vertically-aligned NRs (1.2-1.4 mu m in height) grow atop the tungsten foil, followed by a second layer of small NPs (50-80 nm) and finally a third layer made of rectangular NFs (200-300 nm). When irradiated by white light in a photoelectrochemical cell these WO3 triple-layers generate a photocurrent as high as 0.9 mA cm(-2) at 1.2 V/RHE. Moreover, we show that the stability of the triple-layered WO3 photoanodes can be considerably enhanced by adding an ultrathin (10 nm) TiO2 protective overlayer.
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