Journal
NANOSCALE
Volume 5, Issue 16, Pages 7572-7580Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c3nr02335d
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Funding
- Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) [Pest-C/CTM/LA0011/2011, PTDC/CTM/101324/2008]
- Integrated Spanish-Portuguese Action [PT2009-0131]
- Ministry of Economy and Competitivity [MAT2011-25991, CONSOLIDER CSD2007-00010]
- FCT [SFRH/BD/38472/2007, SFRH/BPD/34365/2006]
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [SFRH/BD/38472/2007, PTDC/CTM/101324/2008, SFRH/BPD/34365/2006] Funding Source: FCT
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There is an increasing demand for accurate, non-invasive and self-reference temperature measurements as technology progresses into the nanoscale. This is particularly so in micro-and nanofluidics where the comprehension of heat transfer and thermal conductivity mechanisms can play a crucial role in areas as diverse as energy transfer and cell physiology. Here we present two luminescent ratiometric nanothermometers based on a magnetic core coated with an organosilica shell co-doped with Eu3+ and Tb3+ chelates. The design of the hybrid host and chelate ligands permits the working of the nanothermometers in a nanofluid at 293-320 K with an emission quantum yield of 0.38 +/- 0.04, a maximum relative sensitivity of 1.5% K-1 at 293 K and a spatio-temporal resolution (constrained by the experimental setup) of 64 x 10(-6) m/150 x 10(-3) s (to move out of 0.4 K - the temperature uncertainty). The heat propagation velocity in the nanofluid, (2.2 +/- 0.1) x 10(-3) m s(-1), was determined at 294 K using the nanothermometers' Eu3+/Tb3+ steady-state spectra. There is no precedent of such an experimental measurement in a thermographic nanofluid, where the propagation velocity is measured from the same nanoparticles used to measure the temperature.
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