Journal
NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
Volume 10, Issue 4, Pages 703-719Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2013.09.010
Keywords
Nano-materials; Zebrafish; Xenopus; Chicken; Embryos
Funding
- Fondazione Pisa as part of MBIAD project
- Italian MoH/Regione Toscana as part of SILS project
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Various in vivo biological models have been proposed for studying the interactions of nano-materials in biological systems. Unfortunately, the widely used small mammalian animal models (rodents) are costly and labor intensive and generate ethical issues and antagonism from the anti-vivisectionist movement. Recently, there has been increasing interest in the scientific community in the interactions between nano-materials and non-mammalian developmental organisms, which are now being recognized as valid models for the study of human disease. This review examines and discusses the biomedical applications and the interaction of nano-materials with embryonic systems, focusing on non-mammalian vertebrate models, such as chicken, zebrafish and Xenopus. From the Clinical Editor: Animal models are critical components of preclinical biomedical research. This review discusses the feasibility and potential applications of non-mammalian vertebral animals, such as zebrafish, xenopus, and chicken as animal models in nanomedicine research. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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