Journal
NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
Volume 4, Issue 2, Pages 139-145Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2008.02.002
Keywords
Epithelial transport; Charge density; Primary culture; Particle translocation; Pneumocytes
Funding
- Hastings Foundation
- Whittier Foundation
- National Institutes of Health [EY 11386, EY 17923, ES 07048, HL 38578, HL 38621, HL 38658, HL 62569, HL 64365]
- American Heart Association [0730280N]
- NATIONAL EYE INSTITUTE [R01EY011386] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE [R01HL064365, R01HL062569, R01HL038578, R01HL038621, R01HL038658, R37HL062569, R37HL038578] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES [P30ES007048, R01ES017034] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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We investigated trafficking of polystyrene nanoparticles (PNP; 20 and 100 nm; carboxylate, sulfate, or aldehyde-sulfate modified [negatively charged] and amidine-modified [positively charged]) across rat alveolar epithelial cell monolayers (RAECM). Apical-to-basolateral fluxes of nanoparticles were estimated as functions of apical PNP concentration ([PNP]) and temperature. Uptake of nanoparticles into RAECM was determined using confocal microscopy. Fluxes increased as charge density became less negative/more positive, with positively charged PNPs trafficking 20-40 times faster than highly negatively charged PNP of comparable size. Trafficking rates decreased with increasing PNP diameter. PNP fluxes tended to level off at high apical [PNP]. Fluxes at 4 C were significantly lower than those at 37 C. Confocal microscopy revealed nanoparticles localized to cell cytoplasm, whereas cell junctions and nuclei appeared free of PNP. These data indicate that (1) trafficking of PNP across RAECM is strongly influenced by charge density, size, and temperature, (2) PNP translocate primarily transcellularly, and (3) PNP translocation requires cellular energy. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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