Journal
NANOMEDICINE
Volume 9, Issue 9, Pages 1423-1434Publisher
FUTURE MEDICINE LTD
DOI: 10.2217/NNM.13.100
Keywords
apoptosis; DNA damage; fpg Comet assay; histopathological changes; liver; mouse; oxidative stress; titanium dioxide nanoparticles
Funding
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi (NanoSHE) [BSC-0112]
- Department of Science and Technology, Government of India under the Nanomission programme (DST-NSTI grant) [SR/S5/NM-01/2007]
- UKIERI-DST [IND/CONT/E/11-12/217]
- Department of Biotechnology, Government of India under the NewINDIGO Scheme for NanoLINEN project
- EU [263147]
- Gujarat Institute for Chemical Technology
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Background: The use of metal oxide nanoparticles (titanium dioxide) in consumer and industrial products improves their quality but also underscores the possible adverse effects to human and environmental health. Materials & methods: Mice were exposed orally for 14 consecutive days and analyzed for alteration in different hepatic enzymes, histopathological changes, oxidative stress, DNA damage, tumor suppressor and proapoptotic protein expression in liver cells. Results: We observed a significant alteration in the level of hepatic enzymes and liver histopathology at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. Significant oxidative DNA damage was observed in liver cells, which could be attributed to oxidative stress. In addition, the increased expression of p53, BAX, caspase-3 and -9 proteins and decreased expression of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, suggest activation of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Conclusion: High accumulation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the liver tissue would cause DNA damage and apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway.
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