4.7 Article

Impact of hemodialysis on exhaled volatile organic compounds in end-stage renal disease: a pilot study

Journal

NANOMEDICINE
Volume 9, Issue 7, Pages 1035-1045

Publisher

FUTURE MEDICINE LTD
DOI: 10.2217/NNM.13.85

Keywords

breath test; carbon nanotube; dialysis adequacy; end-stage renal disease; gold nanoparticle; hemodialysis; sensor; volatile organic compound

Funding

  1. Israeli Ministry of Industry

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Aim: To demonstrate the feasibility of nanomaterial-based sensors for identifying patterns of exhaled volatile organic compound of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and study the impact of hemodialysis (HD) on these patterns. Patients & methods: Exhaled breath samples were collected from a group of 37 volunteers (26 ESRD HD patients; 11 healthy controls); a third of the samples were randomly blinded for determining the sensitivity/specificity of the method. Discriminant function analysis was used to build a model for discriminating ESRD patients and healthy controls (classification accuracy for blind samples: 80%), based on the signals of the nanomaterial sensors. Results & conclusion: The breath pattern of the ESRD patients approached the healthy pattern during the HD treatment, without reaching it completely. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry identified four volatile organic compounds as potential ESRD biomarkers. Although this pilot study has yielded encouraging results, additional large-scale clinical studies are required to develop a fast, noninvasive breath test for monitoring HD adequacy in real time.

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