4.8 Article

Spatially heterogeneous carbon-fiber papers as surface dendrite-free current collectors for lithium deposition

Journal

NANO TODAY
Volume 7, Issue 1, Pages 10-20

Publisher

ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2011.11.002

Keywords

Lithium dendrite; Current collector; Line-of-sight deposition; Spatial heterogeneity; Insulating

Funding

  1. National Science Foundation [DMR 0805148]
  2. University of California [09-LR-08-116809-STUG]
  3. Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
  4. Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [0805148] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
  5. Division Of Materials Research [0805148] Funding Source: National Science Foundation

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Despite the high energy density, the lithium metal electrode has been plagued for decades with a dendrite growth problem that can result in a battery thermal runaway. Here, we introduce anisotropic spatially heterogeneous three dimensional (3D) current collectors that prevent lithium deposition on the insulating electrolyte-facing surface and accommodate lithium deposition inside the spacious voids. The anisotropic spatial heterogeneity was introduced by a line-of-sight deposition of a thin SiO2 layer onto a carbon-fiber paper. The deposited SiO2 was later converted into SiC by a magnesiothermic reaction. The SiO2 and SiC decorated 3D current collectors were confirmed dendrite-free by ex situ SEM observation after a deep lithium deposition of 28.8 C cm(-2) at a high current density of 4 mA cm(-2). A high lithium cycling efficiency of 94% was achieved over deep deposition (14.4 C cm(-2)) and stripping cycles in a carbonate based organic electrolyte, demonstrating the superiority of the novel current collector for dendrite control and lithium cycling. This strategy opens new avenues to address the dendrite problem by rationally designed current collectors and for the creation of a high energy density electrode. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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