4.8 Article

Unexpected luminescence enhancement of upconverting nanocrystals by cation exchange with well retained small particle size

Journal

NANO RESEARCH
Volume 7, Issue 5, Pages 782-793

Publisher

TSINGHUA UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-014-0439-6

Keywords

cation replacement; upconversion luminescence; cell imaging; luminescence enhancement

Funding

  1. National Natural Science Foundation of China [21275015]
  2. State Key Project of Fundamental Research of China [2011CBA00503, 2011CB932403]
  3. Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of China [NCET100213]
  4. Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region [201191170]
  5. Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [ZZ1321]
  6. Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry

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Highly luminescent upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) with small sizes are highly desirable for bioapplications. A facile in situ cation exchange strategy has been developed to greatly enhance the UC luminescence of hexagonal phase NaYF4 NPs while maintaining their small particle size and shape. Via a cation exchange treatment by hot-injecting Gd3+ precursors into the as-prepared NPs solution without pre-separation, the naked-eye visible UC emission of the NPs was enhanced about 29 times under 980 nm near infrared (NIR) excitation with unchanged particle size. The cation exchange process was further demonstrated for the case of NaYF4 nanorods (NRs). After the cation exchange, the nanorod was broken into two NPs with stronger emission. The cation exchanged hydrophobic UCNPs were further encapsulated with poly(amino acid) and successfully applied for targeted cancer cell UC luminescence imaging.

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