Journal
NANO RESEARCH
Volume 3, Issue 9, Pages 613-619Publisher
TSINGHUA UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-010-0029-1
Keywords
ZnO nanowire arrays; robust parameter design; nanogenerator; piezoelectric properties
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Funding
- Basic Energy Science, U.S. Department of Energy (BES DOE) [DE-FG02-07ER46394]
- National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMS0706436, CMMI 0403671]
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Global Research Partnership
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Nanogenerators were first demonstrated by deflecting aligned ZnO nanowires using a conductive atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip. The output of a nanogenerator is affected by three parameters: tip normal force, tip scanning speed, and tip abrasion. In this work, systematic experimental studies have been carried out to examine the combined effects of these three parameters on the output, using statistical design of experiments. A statistical model has been built to analyze the data and predict the optimal parameter settings. For an AFM tip of cone angle 70A degrees coated with Pt, and ZnO nanowires with a diameter of 50 nm and lengths of 600 nm to 1 mu m, the optimized parameters for the nanogenerator were found to be a normal force of 137 nN and scanning speed of 40 mu m/s, rather than the conventional settings of 120 nN for the normal force and 30 mu m/s for the scanning speed. A nanogenerator with the optimized settings has three times the average output voltage of one with the conventional settings.
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