Journal
NANO LETTERS
Volume 14, Issue 2, Pages 955-959Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/nl404356t
Keywords
Graphene; microfiber; ultrafast; optical modulation
Categories
Funding
- National Key Basic Research Program of China [2013CB328703, 2012CB921400]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [61036012, 61108048]
- Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098]
- National Science Foundation Career Award [ECCS-1240510]
- Robert A Welch Foundation [E-1728]
- Div Of Electrical, Commun & Cyber Sys
- Directorate For Engineering [1150584] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Graphene is an optical material of unusual characteristics because of its linearly dispersive conduction and valence bands and the strong interband transitions. It allows broadband light-matter interactions with ultrafast responses and can be readily pasted to surfaces of functional structures for photonic and optoelectronic applications. Recently, graphene-based optical modulators have been demonstrated with electrical tuning of the Fermi level of graphene. Their operation bandwidth, however, was limited to about 1 GHz by the response of the driving electrical circuit. Clearly, this can be improved by an all-optical approach. Here, we show that a graphene-clad microfiber all-optical modulator can achieve a modulation depth of 38% and a response time of similar to 2.2 ps, limited only by the intrinsic carrier relaxation time of graphene. This modulator is compatible with current high-speed fiber-optic communication networks and may open the door to meet future demand of ultrafast optical signal processing.
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